A New MAC Approach for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Several MAC protocols have been proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks. These include T-MAC , D-MAC, and the more commonly utilized SMAC. In this paper, we propose a new MAC layer approach to support mobility in WSNs. The proposed technique utilizes an adaptive frame size approach to overcome the effect of frame losses caused by the Doppler shift under mobile scenarios. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to predict the frame size for each transmission which it directly enhances the energy efficiency of the system. Mica-2 sensors have been modeled and simulated using MATLAB and implementation in ns-2 to characterize a more accurate wireless sensor networks physical layer. Our results show that based on the adaptive frame size predictor and its comparison with the SMAC protocol, the proposed technique can improve overall system performance and deliver enhanced energy efficiency of 23.8% under mobility. The current implementation of ns-2 does not take into consideration the packet error rate. As another contribution of our work, we have developed a physical layer model for ns-2, which processes the received frame based not only on the fading characteristics of the signal but also the SNR and relative velocity between the nodes.